Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984

152 sections, in full, as enacted. This is legal information, not legal advice.

• s. 1Short title, extent and commencement
• s. 2Interpretation
• s. 4Judges and Magistrates
• s. 5Communications during marriage
• s. 6Evidence as to affairs of State
• s. 7Official communications
• s. 8Information as to commission of offences
• s. 9Professional communications
• s. 10Article 9 to apply to interpreters, etc
• s. 11Privilege not waived by volunteering evidence
• s. 12Confidential communications with legal advisers
• s. 13Production of title deed of witness, not a party
• s. 14Production of documents which another person, having possession, could refuse to produce
• s. 15Witness not excused from answering on ground that answer will criminate
• s. 16Accomplice
• s. 17Competence and number of witnesses
• s. 20Facts which are the occasion, cause or effect of facts in issue
• s. 21Motive, preparation and previous or subsequent conduct
• s. 22Facts necessary to explain or introduce relevant facts
• s. 23Things said or done by conspirator in reference to common design
• s. 24When facts not otherwise relevant become relevant
• s. 25In suits for damages facts tending to enable Court to determine amount are relevant
• s. 26Facts relevant when right or custom is in question
• s. 27Facts showing existence of state of mind, or of body, or bodily feeling
• s. 28Facts bearing on question whether act was accidental or intentional
• s. 29Existence of course of business when relevant
• s. 30Admission defined
• s. 32Admission by persons whose position must be proved as against party to suit
• s. 33Admission by persons expressly referred to by party to suit
• s. 34Proof of admissions against persons making them, and by or on their behalf
• s. 35When oral admissions as to contents of documents are relevant
• s. 36Admissions in civil cases when relevant
• s. 37Confession caused by inducement, threat or promise, when irrelevant in criminal proceeding
• s. 38Confession to police-officer not to be proved
• s. 39Confession by accused while in custody of police not to be proved against him
• s. 40How much of information received from accused may be proved
• s. 41Confession made after removal of impression caused by inducement, threat or promise, relevant
• s. 42Confession otherwise relevant not to become irrelevant because of promise of secrecy, etc
• s. 43Consideration of proved confession affecting person making it and others jointly under trial for same offence
• s. 44Accused persons to be liable to cross-examination
• s. 45Admission not conclusive proof but may estop
• s. 46Cases in which statement of relevant fact by person who is dead or cannot be found, etc
• s. 47Relevancy of certain evidence for proving, in subsequent proceeding, the truth of facts therein stated
• s. 48Entries in books of account when relevant
• s. 49Relevancy of entry in public record made in performance of duty
• s. 50Relevancy of statements in maps, charts and plans
• s. 51Relevancy of statements as to fact of public nature, contained in certain Acts or notifications
• s. 52Relevancy of statements as to any law contained in law-books
• s. 53What evidence to be given when statement forms part of a conversation, document, book or series of letters or papers
• s. 54Previous judgments relevant to bar a second suit or trial
• s. 55Relevancy of certain judgments in probate, etc
• s. 56Relevancy and effect of judgments, orders or decrees, other than those mentioned in Article 55
• s. 57Judgments, etc
• s. 58Fraud or collusion in obtaining judgment, or Incompetency of Court, may be proved
• s. 59Opinions of experts
• s. 60Facts bearing upon opinions of experts
• s. 61Opinion as to hand-writing when relevant
• s. 62Opinion as to existence of right or custom, when relevant
• s. 63Opinion as to usages, tenets, etc
• s. 64Opinion on relationship when relevant
• s. 65Grounds of opinion when relevant
• s. 66In civil cases character to prove conduct imputed irrelevant
• s. 67In criminal cases previous good character relevant
• s. 68Previous bad character not relevant, except in reply
• s. 69Character as affecting damages
• s. 70Proof of facts by oral evidence
• s. 71Oral evidence must be direct
• s. 72Proof of contents of documents
• s. 73Primary evidence
• s. 75Proof of documents by primary evidence
• s. 76Cases in which secondary evidence relating to documents may be given
• s. 77Rules as to notice to produce
• s. 78Proof of signature and handwriting of person alleged to have signed or written document produced
• s. 79Proof of execution of document required by law to be attested
• s. 80Proof where no attesting witness found
• s. 81Admission of execution by party to attested document
• s. 82Proof when attesting witness denies the execution
• s. 83Proof of document not required by law to be attested
• s. 84Comparison of signature, writing or seal with others admitted or proved
• s. 85Public documents
• s. 87Certified copies of public documents
• s. 88Proof of documents by production of certified Copies
• s. 89Proof of other public documents
• s. 90Presumption as to genuineness of certified copies
• s. 91Presumption as to documents produced as record of evidence
• s. 92Presumption as to genuineness of documents kept under any law
• s. 93Presumptions as to maps or plans made by authority of Government
• s. 94Presumption as to collections of laws and reports of decision
• s. 95Presumption as to powers-of-attorney
• s. 96Presumption as to certified copies of foreign judicial records
• s. 97Presumption as to books, maps and charts
• s. 98Presumption as to telegraphic messages
• s. 99Presumption as to due execution, etc
• s. 100Presumption as to documents thirty years old
• s. 101Certified copies of documents thirty years old
• s. 103Exclusion of evidence of oral agreement
• s. 104Exclusion of evidence against application of document to existing facts
• s. 105Evidence as to document unmeaning in reference to existing facts
• s. 106Evidence as to application of language which can apply to one only of several persons
• s. 107Evidence as to application of language to one of two sets of facts to neither of which the whole correctly applies
• s. 108Evidence as to meaning of illegible characters, etc
• s. 109Who may give evidence of agreement varying terms of document
• s. 110Saving of provisions of Succession Act relating to wills
• s. 113Facts admitted need not be proved
• s. 114Estoppel
• s. 115Estoppel of tenant and of licensee of person in possession
• s. 116Estoppel of acceptor of bill of exchange bailee or licensee
• s. 117Burden of proof
• s. 118On whom burden of proof lies
• s. 119Burden of proof as to particular fact
• s. 120Burden of proving fact to be proved to make evidence admissible
• s. 121Burden of proving that case of accused comes within exceptions
• s. 122Burden of proving fact especially within knowledge
• s. 123Burden of proving death of person known to have been alive within thirty years
• s. 124Burden of proving that person is alive who has not been heard of for seven years
• s. 125Burden of proof as to relationship in the cases of partners, landlord and tenant, principal and agent
• s. 126Burden of proof as to ownership
• s. 127Proof of good faith in transactions where one party is in relation of active confidence
• s. 128Birth during marriage conclusive proof of legitimacy
• s. 129Court may presume existence of certain facts
• s. 130Order of production and examination of witnesses
• s. 131Judge to decide as to admissibility of evidence
• s. 132Examination-in-chief, etc
• s. 133Order of examinations
• s. 134Cross-examination of person called to produce a document
• s. 135Witnesses to character
• s. 136Leading questions
• s. 137When leading questions must not be asked
• s. 138When leading questions may be asked
• s. 139Evidence as to matters in writing
• s. 140Cross-examination as to previous statements in writing
• s. 141Questions lawful in cross-examination
• s. 142When witness to be compelled to answer
• s. 143Court to decide when question shall be asked and when witness compelled to answer
• s. 144Question not to be asked without reasonable grounds
• s. 145Procedure of Court in case of question being asked without reasonable grounds
• s. 146Indecent and scandalous question
• s. 147Procedure of Court in cases of defamation, libel and slander
• s. 148Questions intended to insult or annoy
• s. 149Exclusion of evidence to contradict answers to questions testing veracity
• s. 150Question by party to his own witness
• s. 151Impeaching credit of witness
• s. 152Questions tending to corroborate evidence of relevant fact admissible
• s. 153Former statements of witness may be proved to corroborate later testimony as to same fact
• s. 154What matters may be proved in connection with proved statement relevant under Article 46 or 47
• s. 155Refreshing memory
• s. 156Testimony to facts stated in document mentioned in Article 155
• s. 157Right of adverse party as to writing used to refresh memory
• s. 158Production of documents
• s. 159Giving, as evidence, of document called for and produced on notice
• s. 160Using, as evidence, of document production of which was refused on notice
• s. 161Judge’s power to put questions or order production