Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 — Section 118: On whom burden of proof lies

118. On whom burden of proof lies.— The burden of proof in a suit or proceeding lies on that person who would fail if no evidence at all were given on either side. Illustrations

(a)A sues B for land of which B is in possession, and which, as A asserts, was left to A by the will of C, B’s father. If no evidence were given on either side, B would be entitled to retain his possession. Therefore the burden of proof is on A.

(b)A sues B for money due on a bond. The execution of the bond is admitted, but B says that it was obtained by fraud, which A denies. lf no evidence were given on either side, A would succeed as the bond is not disputed and the fraud is not proved. Therefore the burden of proof is on B.